HYPOTHESES IN PASSING, AUTHORIZED BY THE MODEL

 

        On the Origin :

This paragraph appeared in this site dated 15th March 2005. Removed because too conjectural, I put it back in its place, slightly modified; the described process does not seem to be so eccentric. (ref. 52)

 

Will the theologians of the religions with mysteries have to add to their lists the mystery of the Big bang, version 1.0, which reminds that of the Immaculate Conception? This singularity, only inferred and only by the cosmological model, leads ineluctably in the quantum world, where its relevance is not proven. How to not come up against the Planck's wall? It is an image.

The history of Science shows us that we must be wary of our natural tendency to transcendence. Vacuum energy, dark matter, dark energy, matter density (=1 or ~1?), these current questions do not allow to privilege any assumption. Among them, let us consider, for example, the "bouncing" world I prefer. Let us imagine that our Universe previously underwent a Big Crunch. At the end of its contraction it would have rebounded before the wall of Planck, remaining on the comfortable side.

Thus, our history would begin by a (thermodynamic) System Zero and at a Time Zero undoubtedly more accessible to research, not at a vaguely asymptotic point, hard to be renormalized.

With the theologians the gloss on the Primary Atom of abbot G. Lemaître, with the cosmologists the speculations on System Zero.

Let us dare another image: in its preceding stage, a surface of balloon that deflates represents the Universe. The Charge-Parity-Time (CPT) parameters would inversed and our physical laws would already apply, but to a world of antiparticles. These antiparticles would be transformed in particles at the inversion Time Zero. For this reason few antiparticles exist in our world. Yes, problem is only pushed back, but isn't what is usually done? Of course Fuzzy Entropy would decrease in the phase of contraction.

In brief:

    • the enigma of the isothermy of the fossil radiation would be explained; granularities (of dark matter?) put aside, the almost isotropy and the almost isothermy of the anti-Universe in final phase have no reason to be modified with the birth of our Universe,
    • the quantum origin of the mysterious microwaves fluctuations of the cosmic background noise is not proven; if the anti-Universe contraction ceased before a complete mixing, these fluctuations could be a trace of our Universe in its Big Crunch final phase. According to the principle of P. Curie, the symmetry elements of the causes of a physical phenomenon must been found in the produced effects. The causes of contraction or expansion remain hypothetical, but not the symmetry elements; imagination is bubbling if the images of Cobe were photographs of our anti-Universe,
    • assumption that is not incompatible with the current results of the research in the quantum field.

Then, the option of a world eternal in the past is not closed, which makes possible to do without a scientifically awkward Creation during some billions of years. Did F. Hoyle consider this assumption? Today, it will please the Buddhists and displease where a majority inherited the other option.

 

      On universal Fuzzy Entropy :

In 1949, L. Onsager shows that, in a particular heterogeneous medium laid in an enclosure of experiment, the Entropy reduction due to the spontaneous tidying of a fraction of the system is more than compensated by an increase in Entropy elsewhere. Catalysis of Entropy in the reference of the laboratory?

In 1950, Th. Gold  sees the increment of the Entropy in the increase in free volume, due to the expansion of the Universe. (ref. 12)       

Since then, the phenomenon was theorized. (ref. 8) It is called Depletion Attraction in physical chemistry and Macromolecular Accumulation in biology.

Experimenters reversed the proposal by saying that Entropy can create order. (ref. 11:  Entropy driven ...)

 

For the quanta specialists today, to speak in terms of particles is obsolete. (ref. 72) Let us continue however.

The vacuum is swarming with evanescent virtual particles, coming from nowhere; that opens up horizons. Then, we must admit that our Universe is not an isolated thermodynamic system, which is proved by the Casimir effect, and that thus detected pairs of particle-antiparticle belong to our world.

Let us make the assumption of a scalar Field, which would give to each point of the space a value of Fuzzy Entropy.

Let us suppose that one of these pairs of particles has the necessary characteristics to an interaction with the Field of Fuzzy Entropy. Two proposals are conceivable:

    • Fuzzy Entropy “force” would "order" this alien pair during its short existence at home,
    • or Fuzzy Entropy force would reject it towards external darkness.

Many assumptions, but which incline to an interesting conjecture. Fuzzy Entropy would be opposing to a hypothetical vacuum energy (ref. 72) and continually growing; dilating the space-time coordinates it would cause the Universe expansion. (ref. 18 - 21)

    Something like:

          r 2  t -2 ~ κ m -1 zS

    (r length, t time, κ coefficient, m mass, zS Fuzzy Entropy, with temperature T(K) considered dimensionless).

In addition, may we conjecture a production of Fuzzy Entropy at each birth of a system or each internal reduction of its Fuzzy Entropy: quark, atom, molecule ..., star, black hole and wall of galaxies?

May these two joined conjectures model the abrupt primitive inflation, which would correspond to the formation of the quarks, and would avoid resorting to the too ad hoc assumption of the inflaton? May they model the current acceleration of the expansion?

In short, would Fuzzy Entropy, growing indefinitely, be a good candidate for cosmologists, intrigued by a singular "repulsive force"?

 

In the Einsteinium model the mass would curve the space-time. In the model of Fuzzy Entropy, would Fuzzy Entropy Catalysis correspond to a curvature of the Fuzzy Entropic Field?

 

Through the energy, of which the hypothetical energy of the vacuum, would the formulation of an Fuzzy Entropic Field give an approach of the problem of the missing energy?

         By the Fuzzy Entropy, could we modell a link between quantum theory and relativity? Would the hypothetical graviton be related to a quantum of Fuzzy Entropy or "Entropyon "?

 

         On telluric planets of the Solar system:

Little after their formation, Mercury, Venus and Mars had periods of strong production of Fuzzy Entropy, their liquid core giving intense volcanic bursts. In the absence of plate tectonics, various gases were ejected in space:

  • increased by the proximity of the Sun, the ejection was total for Mercury and its current atmosphere is almost non-existent,
  • Venus lost its hydrogen and oxygen after dissociation of its water,
  • Mars lost most of its water and of its carbon dioxide.

For the Earth, the plate tectonics would have avoided these violent periods and preserved its water.

One of the heroes of the film "Jurassic park" of S. Spielberg supported that the Life always finds a path. Paraphrasing this reflexion, let us say that an Entropic Field found another way of production of Fuzzy Entropy: the Life.

 

      On our Planet :

Any massive heavenly object, planet, star, black hole, galaxy, cloud of gas, produce Fuzzy Entropy. More, by the Newtonian gravity, to each one of these massive bodies corresponds a focal domain. At a cosmological scale of time, the objects passing in this focal domain have a larger probability to collide or to strike a massive one. Thus, they produce an addition of Fuzzy Entropy. The phenomenon is obvious on the Moon, clearly in the focal domain of the Earth; its visible side is more marked than the other by impacts. Reciprocally, the Earth is in the focal domain of the Moon, even if the probability density of collisions is lower taking into account the respective masses. Let us recall that tons of dusts fall daily on the Earth and Moon.

Feedbacks "human Catalyst of Fuzzy Entropy - Planet" remained less and less assumptions. For example, the production of negative calories would involve more calories in the atmosphere, trend aggravated by the greenhouse effect due to gas effluents. The plausible increase in the Earth temperature would require an increasing production of negative calories... with a positive feedback. The return of a process to the state of initial balance requires a negative feedback.

A hurricane can be seen as a relaxation system, which would suddenly transfer a fraction from sea calories towards the ground. If the Atlantic cyclones, like Katrina or Wilma, are more powerful than a few decades ago, this extra energy makes plausible a human participation in the global warming.

In this case, isn't a feedback "human Fuzzy Entropy Catalyst - Planet" convincing?

  • high temperature of surface water in the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico,
  • a strong vertical temperature gradient of surface water on a vast maritime zone creates a cyclonic heat engine,
  • on the coast of the more developed country of the planet, prevention is insufficient in spite of announced disaster, what will not astonish the reader of this study: constructions authorized in a near future flooded zones, too low levees, too weak pumps; installations of water, electricity, telephone, signs and markings badly adapted and protected, (ref. 48)
  • a powerful cyclone damages infrastructures. Populations are suffering,
  • investors came running to relieve these sufferings and put enticing prospects in concrete form, (ref. 49)  Joined to the rise of the interest rates and price of energy, like to the attacks in the subway of London, Katrina will contribute to the Christmas bonuses of Wall Street financial bankers and managers. (ref. 54)
  • more investments are needed for the rebuilding, which consumes a lot of energy and generates greenhouse gas,
  • extra heat and greenhouse effect of the rebuilding are taking part in anthropogenic rise of Earth atmospheric temperature,
  • atmosphere contributes to the global warming of the oceans surface water, and of the North Atlantic surface water. So we come full circle.

When Aral sea was drying out, another planetary event, the positive feedback "irrigation of increasing surfaces of cotton fields - lowering of sea level" was quasi instantaneous. Though very foreseeable, disaster happened, and now process is difficult to quantify.

In Louisiana, like some cases quoted in "Obviousness", human Catalysis of Fuzzy Entropy was differed. It becomes obvious, and perhaps calculable, if you weight the Fuzzy Entropy which was not created for the safeguarding of infrastructures against that necessary to the rebuilding. A monetary indication of some ten billion dollars which were not raised for the prevention, against two hundred billion dollars to find for the rebuilding.

N.B : the recent choice to assign large funds to a task force and nothing for the protection of the coastal national populations, did not cause a political earthquake. The stricken inhabitants seem to have admitted the need for reducing at first the dissidents in a remote colony. An oil-producing country? Yes. Even people, which did not have a car to flee from flood, knew that God, who often blesses America, cannot tolerate a price of nearly $3 for a gallon.

 

      On the life :

As conjectured in the page "Definitions", would the life be a consequence of the Fuzzy Entropic "gravity" and of its bounded "well", the Catalysis of Entropy? Would inevitable physicochemical sequences in a changing, uncertain, dangerous environment involve necessarily the production of innumerable species, which would then undergo the constraints by test-error of the classic Darwinian process? An example of deterministic chaos?

Would an arrow of Fuzzy Entropy, parallel with the time arrow, show the direction of the most effective Catalysis of Fuzzy Entropy? See the curves of the final summary.

If we admit that it is there an acceptable model, the Evolution has at last an engine. It completes a Darwinian strictly random process, which contradictory statistical estimates make doubtful. At random and in only four billion years, the unfolding of these astonishing events, successive and repetitive, appears even highly improbable.

“The very first genomes of the evolution history, already contained genes necessary to the construction of more sophisticated creatures, appeared thereafter.” (ref. ?)

Three interpretations are possible:

    • well, here is the proof of an intelligent design,
    • these "historical" genes appeared by chance; by chance they survived the internal and external Darwinian constraints imposed on their successive carrying species; how long thousand monkeys typing randomly on thousand keyboards...? Question: what is typing in the alive world?
    • these historical genes appeared by chance; they are preserved when the Field of Fuzzy Entropy gravity is sifting their carrying species through interns and external Darwinian constraints, tending to preserve the most effective Fuzzy Entropy Catalysts.

Having believed in an absolute determinism, then in an absolute chance, the biologists will have to admit a chance directed by the Fuzzy Entropy.

The emergence of Catalysts of Entropy increasingly more effective brings an interrogation: is a species suffering from a disadvantage, when endowed with a less good Efficiency Factor Sf than new species in the same niche? (ref. 13)

If the answer is yes, there we hold an acceptable mechanism of the natural selection of the species.

N. B:

  • As we saw, the acceleration of the Evolution by the Entropic Gravity implies a limited duration of the fertile period of a species; for the majority of them, the life stops before the end of this period or little afterwards; when an individual is supposed to have reproduced and if it survives, the time which is assigned to him is past, probably by the effect of historical clock-genes; the request for apoptose of a too considerable number of particular cells cannot be satisfied; the general state of this thermodynamic singularity of low relative internal Entropy is degraded and it disappears quickly. A gene which would prolong the complex homeostasis of a ex-reproducer does a priori not have any chance to be selected, for out of the primary evolutionary cycle; it may however be probably integrated in the secondary cycle (cf. Hamilton's alleles) and be expressed when the survival of the ex-reproducer is Entropically advantageous for the following generations.
  • As indicate the farther developed examples of alive species, the tendency would be clear:
    • The more a species is of recent emergence, greater is its Efficiency Factor Sf. Let us not see finality there, no more than finality in the propensity of a mass to reach the Earth center.
    • The specialists are reduced to hypothesizing the causes of many species disappearance, such that of the ground dinosaurs or Neanderthals. The coelacanth or the horsetail are always there, but the existence duration of all species, appeared later, is reduced in the direction of the Fuzzy Entropy arrow. One day, will we discover that a gene necessary to the survival of a species suddenly cannot be expressed, that a historical clock-gene stops its expansion, bringing it to the loss of genetic diversity, which condemns it? This ancient assumption, attributed to A. Weismann, was not refuted yet. "From now, we know that the belief according to which the complete knowledge of the genome of the man (and other species) would be a decisive key in the comprehension of functioning of the alive is an illusion, facing a world infinitely more complex than imagined still recently". (ref. 88) If the spectacular large dinosaurs are better known, in the same niches smaller dinosaurs coexisted with mammals of equivalent size during millions years. Curiously, only descendants of mammals survived. Although they have sure food resources and are protected, the gorillas are in danger of extinction today, as well as the giant panda that would show a worrying lack of desire for sexuality. In other words and like for individuals, would a species have a duration of genetically limited existence, during which Fuzzy Entropy gravity would give it a chance of mutation towards a more Entropy Efficient species?
  • Intelligent Design followers will have still fine days as long as biology will continue to be unaware of the Evolution dynamics, as long as it will maintain a now difficult position: accumulating successive snapshots, while refusing to see the film and to admit that a model of the scenario is possible.

So, we must try to classify species by their Catalytic Efficiency Factor Sf.

How to pass from the conjecture of an Entropic Field to the experimental checking? The confirmation will certainly come in continuity from work of Y. Mao and all, (ref. 8) and M. A. Lauffer. (ref. 9)

Biologists will have to model a current observation: ARN fragments, recently ADN fragments, getting organized like liquid crystals.